Difference between revisions of "Term Lists"
| Line 71: | Line 71: | ||
'''Foundations of Clinical Research (Scheuermann list)''' | '''Foundations of Clinical Research (Scheuermann list)''' | ||
| − | + | #Outcome assessment | |
| − | Morbidity | + | ##Morbidity |
| − | Physical | + | ##mortality |
| − | Patient satisfaction | + | ##length of stay |
| + | ##readmission | ||
| + | ##Physical | ||
| + | ##social | ||
| + | ##psychological well-being | ||
| + | ##Patient satisfaction | ||
| + | ##patient preference | ||
| + | ##self-assessment of functional capacity | ||
| + | ##quality of life | ||
| − | + | #Acute conditions and chronic conditions | |
| − | |||
| − | + | #Sources of knowledge | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
Tradition (precedent) | Tradition (precedent) | ||
Authority (trusted expert) | Authority (trusted expert) | ||
Revision as of 08:23, 15 March 2007
RCT Schema Terms
- Secondary-study
- Trial
- Anchored-time
- Interval
- Double-anchored-interval
- Single-anchored-interval
- Timepoint
- Time-range
- Duration
- Date
- Exclusion-rule
- Inclusion-rule
- Recruitment-flowchart
- Primary-recruitment-flowchart
- Recruited-population
- Randomized-population
- Enrolled-population
- Eligible-population
- Screened-population
- Excluded population
- Analyzed population
- Crossover population
- Study-arm population
- Site-enrollment
- Protocol-concept
- Follow-up activity
- Protocol-change
- Treatment-assignment
- Protocol
- Executed-protocol
- Intended-protocol
- Reason
- Withdrawal-reason
- Outcomes-followup
- Secondary-study-protocol
- Intended-secondary-study-protocol
- Executed-secondary-study-protocol
- Stopping-rule
- Cost
- Outcome
- Baseline
- Study-outcome
- Primary-outcome
- Secondary-outcome
- Ancillary-outcome
- Side-effect
- Study-site
- Trial-participant
- Investigator
- Study-committee
- Funder
- Institution
- Blinding
- Blinding-method
- Intervention-step
- Drug-step
- Non-drug-intervention-step
- Intervention-arm
- Comparison-arm
- Experimental-arm
- Cointervention*
- Intervention*
- Procedure
- Device
- Drug
- No-treatment
- Placebo
Foundations of Clinical Research (Scheuermann list)
- Outcome assessment
- Morbidity
- mortality
- length of stay
- readmission
- Physical
- social
- psychological well-being
- Patient satisfaction
- patient preference
- self-assessment of functional capacity
- quality of life
- Acute conditions and chronic conditions
- Sources of knowledge
Tradition (precedent) Authority (trusted expert) Trial and error Logical reasoning - Deductive reasoning, Inductive reasoning Scientific method (establishing cause and effect relationships) – a systematic, empirical, controlled and critical examination of hypothetical propositions about the associations among natural phenomena.
Types of research Basic vs applied Observational [descriptive (describe populations) vs exploratory (find relationships)] vs experimental (test cause-and-effect relationships through the manipulation of variable) Case study – description of one or more patients Developmental research – description of pattern of change over time Normative research – establishing normal values Qualitative research – gathering data through interview or observation
Cohort or case-control studies – establish associations Methodological studies – establish reliability and validity of a new method Secondary analysis – exploring new relationships in old data Historical research
Randomized clinical trial – controlled comparison of an experimental intervention allowing the assessment of the causes of outcomes Single-subject design Sequential clinical trial Evaluation research – assessment of the success of a program or policy Quasi-experimental research Meta-analysis – statistically combining findings from several different studies to obtain a summary analysis
Qualitative vs quantitative research
Research process Phase I: Identify the research question Identify the research problem Review of literature to provide a theoretical framework Identify variables State hypothesis Phase II: Design the study Design the protocol Choose a sample Phase III: Methods Collect data Reduce data Phase IV: Data analysis Analyze data Interpret findings Phase V: Communication Report findings Suggest future studies
Theory – a set of interrelated concepts, definitions or propositions that specifies relationships among variables a represents a systematic view of specific phenomena. A good theory should provide a thorough and rationale explanation of observed facts, and should be economical, important and fluid.
Hypothesis - specific predictions based on a theory.
Concepts – abstraction that allow us to classify natural phenomena and empirical observations
Constructs – concepts that represent non-observable behaviors or events
Variables – concepts that can be assigned values and thus must be defined operationally by the methods for measuring or evaluating them
Propositions – state the relationships between variables Hierarchical – show vertical relationships Temporal – order concepts in time and states a sequence of events Quantitative – frequency or duration of a specific behavior
Model – symbolic representation of the elements of a system Physical Schematic Process Statistical
Inductive theory – theory based on empirically verifiable observations
Hypothetical-deductive theory – theory developed on the basis of great insight and intuitive understanding with few or no prior observations
Law – a theory that has reached a level of absolute consistency in outcome, thus allowing precise prediction.
Empirical observations => Facts => Conceptual Framework => Theory => Research hypothesis => Facts
Deduction – theory testing
Induction – theory development